2020 - S&R Associates

Dewan Housing: Why insolvency resolution processes need a greater degree of certainty

Insights | December 28, 2020 | Practice Area: Banking and Finance, Mergers and Acquisitions, Restructuring and Insolvency

In November 2019, Dewan Housing became the first non-banking financial company to be referred to the insolvency resolution process under Indian bankruptcy law. The process has seen four rounds of bids, of which the last two were driven by a bid submitted after the deadline. While one bidder withdrew from the process on grounds of unfair treatment, other bidders have protested against the late-stage non-compliant bid, which has further prolonged the insolvency resolution process and created a threat of litigation. While late-stage bids may be acceptable in exceptional circumstances, this cannot be allowed to become a regular feature of the insolvency resolution process. As described in more detail in this note, maximization of value of assets is not the sole objective of an insolvency resolution regime; such regime must also provide transparency and certainty, symmetry of information and a time-bound process to better preserve economic value.

Non-convertible Debentures: Entry Routes for Foreign Investors

Insights | December 10, 2020 | Practice Area: Banking and Finance, Mergers and Acquisitions

Since January 2020, there have been more than 10 public issues of non-convertible debentures (NCDs) and over 1,600 private placements of corporate bonds in India. M&A transactions in India have also increasingly witnessed NCDs as a preferred instrument for funding, which may be attributable to the benefits that NCDs could provide to investors vis-à-vis equity instruments. Separate regulatory frameworks apply to acquisition of NCDs by registered foreign portfolio investors on the one hand and other foreign investors on the other hand. Further, Indian regulators have sought to encourage offshore debt funding, for example, by introducing the voluntary retention route for foreign portfolio investment in debt instruments. Accordingly, this note provides an overview of investment routes available to foreign investors in relation to NCDs.

Pre-Arbitration Steps: Contractually Prescribed Pre-Arbitration Mediation, Emergency Awards and Court Ordered Interim Relief

Insights | November 19, 2020 | Practice Area: Litigation and Arbitration

In drafting arbitration agreements and at the preparatory stages of an arbitration, important determinations are required as to any procedures that must precede the invocation of an arbitration (i.e., contractually prescribed pre-arbitral steps) and measures that a party may require to secure in advance any potential award that may be rendered in an arbitration.
The determinations regarding pre-arbitral steps and interim measures are riddled with intricacies of the applicable law(s) and contractual requirements, any applicable rules of arbitration and the strategic objectives intended to be achieved through the arbitration.
This note, first published by LegalEra, discusses some pre-arbitral interim measures that can be helpful in securing an award, considerations as to choosing the forum to approach for these measures and the issues presented when such measures are required before a contractually prescribed pre-arbitral procedure (such as mediation or conciliation) is completed. In that context, the considerations that apply at the time of drafting an arbitration agreement are also discussed briefly.

Beneficial Ownership: A Comparative Analysis

Insights | November 4, 2020 | Practice Area: Mergers and Acquisitions, Regulatory

Since April 2020, prior regulatory approval has been required for all investments from countries that share land borders with India, including where the beneficial owner of an investing entity is situated in or is a citizen of any such country. The threshold for beneficial ownership has remained unclear and can arguably be triggered even if a single share of an investing entity is beneficially held by an investor from one of the restricted bordering countries (which include China). This has created uncertainty not only regarding inflow of new investments in the start-up sector but also beneficial ownership in a private equity fund. While other Indian laws prescribe certain tests for beneficial ownership, these are not consistent. This note examines the concept of “beneficial ownership” under certain Indian laws as well as the definition in the United Kingdom and the United States, and suggests next steps in the context of Indian foreign investment regulations.

S&R Associates Welcomes New Partners and Associates

News & Announcements | November 3, 2020 |

We are pleased to announce that Divyanshu Pandey and Arpita Garg will join S&R Associates as partners based in the Firm’s New Delhi office, and will be joined by associates Rishabh Bhojwani, Prerna Sachdeva and Shashwat Bhaskar. Divyanshu will head the Firm’s practice in banking and finance.

Bribery and Money-laundering Risk Management in M&A

Insights | September 28, 2020 | Practice Area: Corporate Governance and ESG, General Corporate, Mergers and Acquisitions, Private Equity

As government agencies and regulators around the world are strengthening their enforcement efforts (having unearthed major bribery, corruption and money laundering related lapses by various corporates in the recent years), corporate activities have come under increased regulatory scrutiny. A target’s historical and existing anti-money laundering (AML) or anti-bribery, anti-corruption (ABAC) violations and resultant liabilities typically become the acquirer’s responsibility post-closing. This can have far-reaching legal, business and reputational consequences on the acquirer and in an extreme case, could result in an acquisition being a failure. As a result of this, acquirers have to be cognizant of not only any post-closing transgressions but also any pre-closing ones that they know, or ought to have known. The approach of a hurriedly-conducted limited due diligence with heavy reliance on warranties alone is therefore a risky one.
This note is divided into four parts – the first part provides a general overview of the key legislations. The second part highlights certain factors such as the target’s jurisdiction, sector, local laws and other cultural and geographical issues that typically influence such AML and ABAC issues. The third part outlines safeguards that are customarily adopted by the acquirers and the last part proposes certain measures that may be considered and implemented for effective risk-management by the acquirers.

One year of the CCI’s ‘Green Channel’ route for deemed approval of combinations

Insights | September 17, 2020 | Practice Area: Competition/Antitrust, Mergers and Acquisitions, Regulatory

The Competition Commission of India (the “CCI”) recently commemorated the completion of the first year of the ‘Green Channel’ approval route for combination filings in India, by way of which, combinations which meet certain criteria are deemed to be approved upon filing a valid short form notification (Form-I) with the CCI. This unique approval route was introduced by the CCI with effect from 15 August 2019, for facilitating speedy clearance of transactions, and balancing the ease of doing business in India with appropriate regulatory oversight for such combinations. Since its introduction, almost one-fifth of the combinations notified to the CCI have availed of this route.
This note analyses certain issues relating to the implementation of this route, some of which have subsequently been addressed by the guidance issued by the CCI through its updated ‘Notes to Form-I’. While some issues remain to be clarified, it is hoped that going forward, these will be resolved through CCI’s further guidance and decisional practice, and facilitate a wider and more certain use of the deemed approval route.

S&R Associates Announces New Partner and Counsel

News & Announcements | September 16, 2020 |

We are pleased to announce that Shahezad Kazi has been elected a partner at S&R Associates. We are also pleased to announce that Abhiroop Amitava Datta, Raunaq Bahadur Mathur and Dhruv Nath have been designated as counsel at the Firm.

Impact of COVID-19 on Proceedings under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016

COVID-19 Resources | August 20, 2020 | Practice Area: Banking and Finance, Regulatory, Restructuring and Insolvency

This note, first published on the National Law School Business Law Review blog, discusses recent amendments to the [Indian] Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, which inter-alia temporarily prevent creditors from initiating insolvency proceedings against corporate debtors. While the proposed changes are a step in the right direction, the Government should also consider the impact of the pandemic on pending proceedings as well as alternative mechanisms to restructure debt and resolve defaults in a cost-effective manner to preserve value.

E-Commerce Rules, 2020

Insights | August 13, 2020 | Practice Area: Corporate Governance and ESG, Data, General Corporate, Regulatory, Technology; Media and Telecommunications

The Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020 (“Rules”) have been notified and enforced under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 on July 23, 2020. The Rules apply to, inter alia, all goods and services sold over digital or electronic network; all models of e-commerce; and all forms of e-commerce retail. The Rules describe the duties of e-commerce entities, liabilities of marketplace e-commerce entities and duties of sellers selling products or services on marketplace e-commerce entities and duties and liabilities of inventory e-commerce entities, including the requirement to disclose the “country of origin” of the product or service. The timing of notification of the Rules is relevant in the context of the geopolitical conflict between India and China. This note discusses the key compliance requirements under the Rules in further detail.